Pricing Decision Essay

Organizations in their undertaking to prevail in the profoundly serious and dynamic market are currently thinking about a reasonable spotlight on their showcasing techniques. This is all together that they may stay pertinent in the quick changing business condition, economic situations and customer inclinations. It is significant that an organization considers the impacts of the adjustments in the business condition including value varieties started by its rivals This is best done by first breaking down the costs offered by the contenders visa strive the company’s cost structure and the competitor’s opportunities to change in light of the company’s new value offers (Kotler 2003. p 66). Valuing Strategies The organization needs to make sense of the best procedure to actualize so as to accomplish the ideal costs for its items. To start cost-slicing so as to enhance the gainfulness of the organization the organization must have a comprehension of the sort of cost that it needs to oversee. This will be to a huge degree impacted by its style of the executives, wellsprings of expert exhortation, the more extensive vision of the company’s objectives, correspondence system, and company’s capitalization according to obligation value proportion and the expense of obtaining (Sherman 2007. p 3-4). The organization additionally needs to comprehend the few kinds of costs that it brings about. The different kinds of expenses are innovative work costs, the overheads and managerial costs, human capital expenses including social insurance costs, compensations and representative advantages, foundation and framework costs, publicizing and limited time costs, fixed and variable expenses, and obligation overhauling costs. The main concern is to completely look at every one of these cost classes and gauge their significance to the company’s business activities, consider increasingly productive accessible other options, and the potential ramifications of the cost decrease technique (Sherman 2007. p5 &9). An organization, for example, Wal-Mart that has for a considerable length of time been in front of its rivals by offering the most reduced costs for its merchandise. Wal-Mart can oversee ideal value cuts by executing value slice systems, for example, attempting to decrease its expenses by seeking after an assessment decrease methodology. This has experienced its interests in Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) so as to abuse charge escape clauses and maintain a strategic distance from a portion of the expenses collected specifically states (Moore 2007. p. 2). Having achieved the above cost decrease system, the organization may the concoct fitting evaluating for its items. This is finished by first understanding estimating techniques. There are six valuing strategies that would prompt an educated choice in fixing costs. These are markup evaluating strategy, the objective return estimating technique, saw esteem technique for evaluating, esteem based valuing, the going-rate strategy for evaluating and the fixed offer technique for estimating (Kotler 2003. p 66). Ramifications of Price Cuts and Conclusion The cost of the item or administration is a main consideration that impacts customer’s buy choice is the promoting blend. A mix of the cost decrease methodology and a fitting estimating system is bound to profit the organization and empower it achieve an upper hand over its rivals. By receiving market responsive cost cutting techniques in the correspondence business, organizations thus made a superior lifestyle whereby clients are presently ready to convey all the more frequently and at lower costs Salazar 2007. p. 1). This makes an interpretation of to expanded benefits to the specialist co-ops as they can sell a bigger number of units than previously. References Kotler, P. (2003). Showcasing Management. eleventh Ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Moore, M. (2007). Burdening Strategies: Always Cutting Prices, Wal-Mart Attempts to Rollback Taxes. Recovered March 8, 2009 from http://walmartwatch. com/img/blog/NIMSP_tax_strategies. pdf Salazar, L. C. Cost Cutting Strategies at the Bottom of the Pyramid. Recovered March 8, 2009 from http://www. lirneasia. net/wp-content/transfers/2007/03/2-lcs-shoestrings-sing-28feb07. pps Sherman, A. J. (2007). Techniques for Cutting Costs and Improving Profitability. Recovered March 8, 2009 from http://www. sbecouncil. organization/transfers/PPT%20Cost%20Cutting%20for%20Growth%20and%20Profitability. ppt

Marketing Syllabus Spring Free Essays

The understudy will at that point have ten (10) days to react in one of the accompanying ways: Sign the structure and solicitation a gathering with the Academic Dean to examine the claims as well as proposed sanctions; Sign and return the structure to the Academic Dean tolerating duty regarding the infringement and consenting to the suggested sanction(s); If the understudy neglects to react inside thirty (30) days, a hold will be put on the understudies account and the option to take an interest in the goals of the charge will be relinquished. Formal Resolutions: If the supposed infringement could bring about the suspension or excusal from the college, or if the understudy or employee demands a conventional goals, the Academic Dean will tell the employee and the student(s) that a proper becoming aware of the Academic Dishonesty Committee will be gathered. The panel will be included seven (7) full time employees to be named by the Vice-President for Academic Affairs on a yearly premise. We will compose a custom article test on Showcasing Syllabus Spring or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now The Academic Dean will fill in as seat and won't have casting a ballot benefits. The Vice-President for Student Development will fill in as an ex officio individual from the advisory group. The Academic Dean will plan a consultation in an auspicious way and all gatherings will be told frequently and area. In the event that the charged understudy demands, the Academic Dean will help the understudy in tying down an individual from the college network to exhort and help the understudy in getting ready for the meeting. All gatherings will have the chance to introduce his/her proof to the board of trustees. The reports, declaration and record of the hearings will be private. Endless supply of the declaration, the Committee will meet in shut chambers and decision on the manner of the student’s status at the college. Punishments: Depending upon the expectation and seriousness of the infringement, an understudy discovered liable for any demonstration of scholastic untruthfulness will be dependent upon at least one of the accompanying punishments: The understudy is set on scholarly respect probation until graduation. For any understudy on scholarly respect probation, a subsequent infringement will bring about a base assent of one semester of suspension from the college. Notwithstanding scholarly respect probation, an understudy may likewise get an evaluation of â€Å"F† on the task or test; understudies may likewise get a â€Å"P’ in the course; or be suspended or excused from the college. No arrangement will be made for the understudy to get a â€Å"W† whether or not the teacher or understudy start said demand. In the event that the understudy gets an evaluation of â€Å"F† for the course or is suspended or excused from the college, the transcript will demonstrate the evaluation with â€Å"HP† and additionally the documentation â€Å"Academic Honor Suspension (Dismissal). † All understudies saw as liable of scholastic respect infringement will have a composed letter specifying the infringement and assent set in their lasting record. Duplicates of this letter will likewise be sent to the employee of the course, proper College Dean, and to the Vice-President for Student Improvement. Bids: An understudy may present a composed intrigue of a liable finding to the Vicissitude for Academic Affairs inside ten days of receipt of the first choice. Offers must be founded on new proof, extra data, or procedural mistakes or unfortunate behavior. The Vice-President’s choice is conclusive. 4) Exam Policy: The organization of a last assessment before the date assigned is viewed as an infringement of University approach; along these lines, no end of the year tests for this course will be given other than on the predefined day and time without the express endorsement of the Dean of the College of Business and Management. Such special cases might be given for just the most outrageous and touchy cases. Other than such special cases, no â€Å"make-up† assessments will be managed. It is basic that every understudy plan in like manner, particularly with respect to post-term itinerary items. 5) Accommodation Statement: â€Å"Lynn University makes sensible lodging for qualified understudies with recorded incapacities under the Americans with Disabilities Act (DAD) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. On the off chance that uncommon facilities are required, kindly contact the DAD consistence Officer at 561-237-7069 or shearn@lynn. Du to help with remarking and characterizing those requirements. Lodging are not retroactive in this manner, for any convenience the educator must be given the structure determining the necessities. The Academic DAD Specialist is situated in the Green Center. 6) Incomplete Grade: A. For an understudy to be qualified to get a deficient for a course: 1) The understudy must give to the senior member of understudies documentation of the palliating circumstance(s) that forestall him/her from fulfilling the course prerequisites and learning results of that specific course. 2) The understudy, at the hour of applying for a deficient, more likely than not utilized 2/3 of the term and have a passing evaluation. B. The application procedure: 1) The understudy will have the choice of applying for a deficient in at least one courses. 2) The understudy will get and finish the inadequate application frame and carry it to the senior member of understudies with fitting documentation. The dignitary of understudies will check that the student’s application fulfills the qualification models. On the off chance that the application fulfills the qualification rules, at that point the senior member of understudies will restore the endorsed structure to the understudy who will at that point take the structure to the educator of the course. The teacher and understudy will draw out agreement, which incorporates yet isn't restricted to: all coursework to be finished and the cutoff time for this material to be submitted. After the understudy consents to the provisions of the agreement and signs the structure, the teacher will take the agreement to the dignitary of his/her school. The senior member will at that point survey the agreement and sign the structure upon endorsement. The â€Å"l† is currently official and the agreement is authoritative. The senior member of the school will appropriate duplicates of the agreement to the educator, the understudy, the dignitary of understudies and the Registrar. Every beneficiary will put the replicated agreement in the proper record. The roofless will keep one duplicate and the first will be put in the student’s record in the school of his/her major. C. The structure: 1) Will be accessible on the web. 2) Will contain current evaluation, what explicit assignments are to be finished due date for all material (not to surpass One year past the first term last grade due date), and express that the last course evaluation will be a ‘W† if the understudy doesn't finish the necessities. 7) Withdrawals: Students are restricted to eight undergrad and three alumni course withdrawals. ) Assignments: Papers must be submitted ONLY through the Assignment connect n Blackboard. For help with Blackboard, contact the IT Help Desk at 561-2377979. Late papers won't be acknowledged without punishment without the earlier assent of the teacher. Expansions might be conceded on an individual premise and may be allowed for especially touchy cases. T he allowing of cosmetics papers will be at the sole caution of the educator and won't be given aside from especially touchy cases that are talked about finally with the teacher. In any gathering venture, the understudy is relied upon to turn into a basic colleague, with dynamic info, connection, and commitments. Once mea individuals have been chosen, it is the duty of the group to concur upon the work task and designation of group assets. An understudy who doesn't totally finish that student’s duties to the group won't get a passing evaluation for the venture. 9) Dress code: For all exercises in the homeroom that include a visitor moderator, just as for field study appearances, the understudy will be required to dress in business easygoing clothing. On the off chance that the educator discovers that the student’s appearance is unseemly for a booked movement, the understudy won't be allowed to take an interest. 0) Questions and concerns: Students who have concerns or questions in regards to scholarly issues identifying with this course are encouraged to talk with the educator. Understudies ought to be acquainted with data found in the current Lynn University Academic Catalog. Required Texts Articles, Videos, and messages all through the term as gave by the educator, remembering postings for this course’s Blackboard partner site. Recommended Reading and Sources (1) Street Smith’s Sports Business Journal, membership accessible at www. Superciliousness’s. Com Course Requirements Each understudy will finish all assignments and is liable for Discussion Board postings on Blackboard. Insights regarding every one of these activities are connected to this prospectus. You may finish any task in any request you please. Attempt to finish one anticipate at regular intervals, and to finish your Discussion board posts on a Weekly premise. All work is expected by Friday Feb. 27 at 1 :pm appropriately posted in Blackboard. Reviewing Grading depends on the accompanying framework: Deal Maker USB LOC Discussion Board USB Advertising USB Launch Party Total 20 focuses 100 focuses Grades for every one of the components recorded above will be posted logically all through the semester, and will be available to the understudy through the college online Blackboard framework. Understudy last grades will be adjusted by tenths to the closest entire number. An evaluation of precisely one-half point will be adjusted to the following most elevated entire number. Understudy grades will not be adjusted by hundredths to the closest tenth. Step by step instructions to refer to Marketing Syllabus Spring, Essays

Fall 2017 New Students Series Katy Swartz COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Fall 2017 New Students Series Katy Swartz COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog In todays installment of our New Students Series,  wave your virtual hand at Katy Swartz. Katy is a Texan (ditto!) who moved to the frigid north in Massachusetts  to attend  Smith College. She has a degree in Jewish Studies, and taught English in Bulgaria for a year. Today, she lives in Brooklyn and works for the NYC Department of Education as a data specialist. Overall, shes lived in five  U.S. states and three different countries. Im sure her experience abroad will serve her well in a future career as a Foreign Service Officer. Hook em, Katy! Full Name:  Katy Swartz Age:  26 Degree Program:  Master of International Affairs Concentration:  Economic and Political Development Hometown: Colleyville, Texas,  United States Undergraduate University:  Smith College Undergraduate Major:  Jewish Studies Undergraduate Graduation Year:  2013 What’s your professional background? My professional background thus far has been in education and operations. I lived in Bulgaria for a year after graduating from Smith College, where I was a Fulbright English Teaching Assistant in the capital city, Sofia. After this experience, I moved to Brooklyn, NY where I have been working at a NYC Dept of Education high school for 3 years. I am currently the School Business Manager and Data Specialist, which translates to the director of operations. I oversee all operational aspects of the school including budget, purchasing, student and teacher scheduling, technology, data collection, and compliance. Did you apply to SIPA to change careers or to gain experience in a career path you already have experience in? I think it is a little bit of both. I realized while living in Bulgaria that I wanted to go into the field of international affairs, but I could not imagine what exact position or job duties most excited me. Over the last two years in my current role, I have been able to realize that my true talents lie in operations and management. Therefore, while I will be changing from the field of education to international affairs, I hope to remain in positions that allow for similar roles as my current job. I am excited that SIPA offers many management courses which will give me the academic background I need to continue in this career path. What was your reaction when you found out you were accepted to SIPA? For the two weeks leading up to learning I was accepted, I stalked the SIPA blog and application portal daily. The morning I found out was a Friday, and I had concluded (earlier that morning) that decisions would not come out until the following week, based on the timeline the previous year. I was sitting at my desk at work when I suddenly saw the email from SIPA saying my decision was ready to be viewed. Thank goodness I had saved all my passwords in the application portal already, because I was too nervous to remember anything that was happening. I screamed quite audibly when I saw the confetti coming down the screen and definitely scared my office-mate! Why did you say yes to SIPA? I was either incredibly bold or incredibly naïve in applying to graduate school, as I chose to only apply to SIPA. SIPA was the only school that had such a robust institute dedicated to the study of Eastern Europe (and specifically allowed for study of the Balkans), as well as rigorous coursework alongside practical hands-on experience through the Capstone workshop internship opportunities. Therefore, my decision to attend was natural upon finding out I was accepted! What do you most look forward to as a graduate student at SIPA? I am most excited to gain an academic background in what has been a personal interest for so long. While I have done much independent learning and reading, I cant wait to gain a deeper understanding in political development within the field of international affairs. Specifically, I cant wait to student more about my regions of interest East Central Europe and Russia/Former Soviet States. Do you have any apprehensions about starting graduate school? Of course! Any change comes with many apprehensions, but my excitement far outweighs them. I am most nervous about being back in school and keeping up with the rigorous coursework. I am also worried about balancing the life Ive established already here in New York with my new life at SIPA. What are your goals after SIPA? After SIPA, I hope to join the US Department of State and work as a Foreign Service Officer in the Management Track. If you could change one small thing about your community, country or the world, what would it be? Its hard to name just one! I think it would be nice if more people were willing to take a break from their various mobile devices and spend some time just talking to others the old-fashioned way. I think that so much of the way we interact with others stems from our constant distractions, as well as the fact that we can now structure so much of our lives in a way that prevents interacting with those who are different than us. Perhaps if more people took the time to talk to those outside their immediate communities, we would see less of the xenophobia emerging across the world. Tell us something interesting about yourself: Ive lived in 5 US States, 3 different countries, and, by my last count, a total of 17 different apartments/homes (not including many dorm moves during college!). Perhaps my desire to join the Foreign Service stems from the many moves Ive made in my life. [Photos courtesy of Katy Swartz |  In the hallways of the school where I work, Brooklyn, NY, May 2017] *Note: This series is published in its original form with no editing.

William Golding s Lord Of The Flies - 1326 Words

In William Golding’s, Lord of the Flies, a few dozen boys are stranded on an island after a plane crash. The six to twelve year old kids turn to savages under the lead of the older males, and ultimately cause their own deaths. However, the smaller boys, such as Piggy and Sam and Eric, are the hope and reason of the group. Golding’s purpose of writing the book was to show that the defects in society originate at the defects in human nature. Golding allows the little ones to have no identities or personalities. This is symbolically showing that in society, the ignorant and innocent children are the only hope to a humane society. Innocence is purity, and the innocent children, in which are not corrupted by the bad people and things in the†¦show more content†¦He was muttering and about to cry†(Golding 35). Golding describes this unknown boy by his appearance and nothing else, similar how to society would view him, and tear him apart. Golding used the word â€Å"fierce† while describing the publicity the child was getting. William Golding hints at his views of society through mentioning publicity as fierce and then discussing how it made the child want to cry. The scared child began to whisper his thoughts, as the older boys laughed over him. Golding states: â€Å"At last Ralph induced him to hold the shell but by then the blow of laughter had taken away the child’s voice. Piggy knelt by him, one hand on the great shell, listening and interpreting the assembly. ‘He wants to know what you’re going to do about the snake-thing.’ Ralph laughed, and the other boys laughed with him. The small boy twisted further into himself. ‘Tell us about the snake-thing.’ ‘Now he says it was a beastie.’ ‘Beastie?’ ‘A snake-thing. Ever so big. He saw it’†(Golding 35). The little child was immediately disregarded because of his age, which shows the standards of society. He was judged strictly on his time on Earth, when he could be presenting a large issue. The little boy’s fear in the beastie shows his innocence and ignorance. As he is solely concerned on being protected from this creature that many know does not exist, he is

Binomials in English - Definition and Examples

The lost princess Free Essays

The room was damp and cold, cold with marks of water dripping down the unhomely painted walls. The paving slabs were freezing and impersonally decorated, there were no carpets covering them. There was no life nor humanity in the semidark chamber. We will write a custom essay sample on The lost princess or any similar topic only for you Order Now There was no door nor curtains on the tiny window that looked on to the north, making the room even more dark and mysterious. It was unhomely and unlived. No one entered the freezing cube that composed the enchanted, shadowed lodging. It was empty of life even though the passage outside was full of it. The place was avoided by everyone. It had such a sense of emptiness†¦ When the threshold was crossed, a wave of uncontrollable panic entered into the intruders heart. The floor boards under the feet felt as cold as ice, sharpening the freezing terror. The walls were clammy, you couldn’t lean on them†¦ It smelt damp. The air entered your throat and cut it like a knife. It felt dry and it was hard to swallow. The fear crept into your heart slowly but unceasingly and made its self bigger and stronger, petrifying you completely. It was like a serpents venom, spreading through your blood paralysing you vein by vein, artery by artery†¦ She entered the poisoned room. No sound was to be heard except for the faint drip, drip of water on the floor. For the first time in the room’s history, it all failed. She laughed. It was a delightful laugh. The type you hear when a child is hugged by her mother. She frowned as the echo slowly returned to her. She felt a sudden warmth around her. She noticed that the floor was now covered in thick Indian carpets. It all felt cosy and warm under her small feet. She moved with the glamour and gentleness of a deer, so delicate and fragile†¦ There was a lovely scent all over the room. It was like someone had opened a bottle of the loveliest perfume and let it mix with the air. It smelt of the finest vanilla. Looking out of the window you could see the source of that magnificent smell. There was a small garden full of small vanilla plants, starting to bloom in the night’s cold air. The room was now painted in the finest violet. The walls had stopped the dripping and sweating, and instead of the faint drip, drip you could hear a small bird tweeting in a tiny cage at the far end of the room. Soon she felt sleepy and noticed a current of warm air picking her up and carrying her to a cosy four-poster. There she slept for hours and hours†¦ As she slept the walls started to drip again soaking the silk carpets and returning the room to its old state to such an extent, that after a few minutes only the four-poster stood in the middle of the icy room. There was no sign of the tiny princess. Instead there was a little deer skipping and hopping under the moonlight in a garden full of tiny vanilla flowers. How to cite The lost princess, Papers

South Asia and Management of Energy Security Essay Example

South Asia and Management of Energy Security   Essay INTERNATIONAL-RELATIONS ARTICLE ASSIGNMENT=1 SOUTH ASIA AND MANAGEMENT OF ENERGY SECURITY 3/27/2013 SUBMITTED BY FAIZAN-ALI BBA-7C * Introduction: The article named south Asia and management of energy security has been written by a well known associate professor of international relations miss DR MUSARRAT JABEEN Quetta university Baluchistan. The writer herself a very competent and well known to her subject of specialization with the great exposure of international systems and relations also read one other books of her by the name of legacy of china which is one of her successful stories and proof of her good thought of school. After now introducing the writer I would like to introduce the under attention article of the writer which is south Asia and management of energy security. Summary (major points): in the article the writer talked about many things and tried to focus on the fact that energy security hinges on the demand and supply systems in terms of energy management. She used a word of hinge in her sentence which is the demonstration of a beautiful making of preposition by writer which means a joining device on which a lid or door turns when it opens. When comes to the major and focal points of an article I would like to firstly translate the meaning of energy security which means that smooth and reliable transact ion and movement of energy between supply and demand systems of energy. We will write a custom essay sample on South Asia and Management of Energy Security   specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on South Asia and Management of Energy Security   specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on South Asia and Management of Energy Security   specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The emergence of supply and demand is from the economic world and as per my understanding with these terms I conclude that there should not be a supply and demand gap in the systems of energy otherwise I will create a question on the security of energy which is the smooth transaction of energy. Importantly major points for supply and demand are rolled under three dimensions: * Dependency * Certainty * Affordability As energy is the most important security for all the nations and states because a great sense of competition exists among nations for energy security as energy is one of the basic requirements for economic development and economic growth. There are some important factors in the given articles which are responsible for the increase in demand * High rate of population * Stress caused by economic growth * Economic dualism * Structural transformation * Physical capital formation This study basically focuses on the supply and demand systems crossing south Asia at the confluence of central Asia and Middle East south Asia has specific energy security issues. One of the growing demands of energy is that china is becoming the world’s biggest economic power very soon in future due to china needs the cost is kept on increasing specially in south Asia. The region specially discussed in this article is south Asia in which Pakistan is included which would be the route and supplier of energy very soon in future but this might not take place very soon because of our energy crisis at national level. India which is only the supplier and Afghanistan which is the route of energy can also create political barriers to other states of south Asia especially for Iran who is the biggest supplier of energy among south Asia countries. U. s Europe and china’s interest has made some political environment in south Asia. As oil is one of the most important ingredients of energy so U. S who is the only power of world wants to control all pricing management of oil especially in Gulf States? In view of geographical location PAKSITAN has a great importance for all because we have gawaddar port we have Karachi port and we have so many other routes which actually links with the boundaries of AGHANISTAN INDIA IRAN and across the river to the Gulf States. The writer has taken up some important qualifications about PAKSITAN which in my point of view are very important. * Pakistan is located at the confluence of central middle and south Asia. In short Pakistan is the heart of Asia. * Pakistan has the ability to grow at the level of above 8% GDP. * Pakistan has catered for the central Asia trade with south Asia and the rest of world. Challenges: In South Asia, the demand for infrastructure, and particularly electricity, is growing rapidly. Improved electricity supply is a key to sustaining economic growth and improving social services. †¢ Electricity is still not available to about half of the regions 1. 5 billion population, especially in rural areas, which adversely affec ts the efforts to reduce poverty and create better opportunities for all. †¢ The lack of access to modern forms of energy prolongs the widespread traditional use of biomass, with adverse environmental and health impact. Electricity services to the connected customers, whether to businesses or households, are often unreliable and of poor quality, coupled with high technical and commercial losses and poor commercial performance of service providers. †¢ Advancing electricity sector reforms, aimed at improving the efficiency and quality of electricity service, commercial viability of electricity industry, institutional and governance arrangements, accountability of service providers, and investment climate is critical to ensure sustained growth of the sector and optimal development and use of energy resources. National energy systems are autarchic, with weak or nonexistent interconnections. There is little cross-border trade in electricity, with the exception of India-Bhutan t rade, and none in natural gas. * Critical analysis: South Asias energy security dilemma is one of the signal challenges of the 21st century, critical to the economic future of almost two billion people and the political future of one of the world s most volatile regions. Now for the critical analysis as per my reading and understanding with the article I would like to mention some strengths and weaknesses and also the things which are covered and which are not covered. In south Asia energy management china India Pakistan Afghanistan are the majors countries for supply and routes specially in south Asia so they have a great interest of international community specially from the super power U. S. America wanted a full control on all movements and managements of energy specially on oil and also the resources of all these big countries of Asia. china is more powerful among all other Asian states because they are using there resources very efficiently and effectively. Here I can give an example of small dams of water as reserves in china which are 1 lakh in quantity as per rough idea which is the security of many other energy production systems. While talking about Pakistan, Baluchistan which is the biggest area in view of resources and energy generation is now under the strong influence by international forces to get management by others. In view of strengths it is an accepted fact a stronger Pakistan will deal strongly with the regional challenges. The construction of deep sea port at GAWADAR is just one component of the greater gawadar plan. here is a strong link of network of Karachi with Baluchistan by roads. Management of regional interest can play an important role in the management of energy in south Asia. As Pakistan is the hub of transportation for all so there should be a unity and strong faith of friendship among the countries of south Asia. The policy of recasting regional interstate relations on the basis of trade will directly lead to the prosperity of the whole region. Regionally there are so many projects are running among the Pakistan Iran India china srilanka etc. ne of the greatest example is the agreement of gas pipeline between Pakistan and Iran which is the proof of interstate relationships. This agreement is unacceptable for the international actors like America. when going internationally we should all act alike under some laws and policies for the benefit of whole Asia because it has to be understand by all that our continent is very rich in many things like geographical location resources natural climate fertile land etc. everybody should look east towards each other because to the west only fake faces and promises are made for their own national interest. Conclusion: finally at the end I would like to say that this is our bad luck among south Asia countries that we all are affiliated with other international channels for some interest and we are less behind in developing relations among each other . Due to which when there is an increase in the security of energy happens in any country the other feels insecurity like when India made nuclear tests it was a worried time for Pakistan because instead of having a relationship of friendship we are enemy of each other which is the biggest drawback in our continent. he task of global reforms has to be an inclusive one,addresing the concerns and needs of the states located in the heartland of Asia. All the tensions should be solved by dialogues and by cooperation’s. There should be two management policies one at regional level and one should be on international level. The gap is increasing between supply and demand of energy because of inelasticity. East and Southeast Asian states are facing severe and increasing energy security challenges. Regional economies are generally poor in natural resources, trade-dependent, and energy-intensive in character. Regional energy demands, especially for natural gas and fuels derived from crude oil, continue to escalate. Simultaneously, indigenous production of oil and gas has been for the large part either declining. This divergence between energy demands and domestic supplies has led to increasing reliance among East and Southeast Asian states on foreign sources of supply, including energy imports that are predominantly delivered by sea. Recommendation: * Create awareness programs for states on their issues, like economic, social and legal issues, to strengthen them, on government level and civil society organization. * Need comprehensive legislation to ensure the states’ right and their protection. * Promote/Start debates and address the issues of states with governments. -***

Communistic Sparta essays

Communistic Sparta essays Government and Military, It could have been more. Societies have developed a pattern over the centuries of creating a government system of communism. Choosing this selection of government has allowed military machines to be born and reflect the civilization that created them. Nowhere in history is this more evident than in the Greek city-state of Sparta. The entire lifestyle that revolved around the state of communism had the goal of creating the ultimate military machine. Spartas government system contributed greatly to the strength of Spartas army, the sheer power of which is best demonstrated during the Persian War. The great flaws of Spartas society was that they chose their state of communism which resulted in their great power to impose their will on the rest of Greece, nor did they allow a strong culture to take root in Sparta, as was allowed to happen in Athens. The entire social system of Sparta was designed to spin on an axis of communism and to create a race of warriors. Merriam-Websters dictionary states that communism is a totalitarian system of government in which a single authoritarian party controls the state(Websters 228). In order to run her communist state, Sparta controlled the lives of her people at an early age. This can be found in Edward Tannenbaums A History of World Civilizations, the lives of Spartas citizens were tended and guided from cradle to grave, always for the purpose of creating strong, courageous, highly disciplined soldiers(Tannenbaum 112). Tannenbaum clearly reinforces the history that Spartans experienced communism in their daily lives. Also, A.H.M Jones writes, Each infant was examined shortly after birth by the elders of the tribesmen who either passed it or if it was weakly or deformed, ordered it to be thrown over a special cliff(Jones 34). This horrendous ancient history of throwing sick&qu...

World War II - Women and the Military

World War II - Women and the Military During World  War II, women served in many positions in direct support of military efforts. Military women were excluded from combat positions, but that didnt keep some from being in harms way- nurses in or near combat zones or on ships, for instance- and some were killed.​ Many women became nurses, or used their nursing expertise, in the war effort. Some became Red Cross nurses. Others served in military nursing units. About 74,000 women served in the American Army and Navy Nurse Corps in World War II. Women also served in other military branches, often in traditional womens work- secretarial duties or cleaning, for instance. Others took traditional mens jobs in non-combat work, to free more men for combat. Figures for Women Serving With the American Military in World War II Army - 140,000Navy - 100,000Marines - 23,000Coast Guard - 13,000Air Force - 1,000Army and Navy Nurse Corps - 74,000 More than 1,000 women served as pilots associated with the US Air Force in the WASP (Women Airforce Service Pilots) but were considered civil service workers, and werent recognized for their military service until the 1970s. Britain and the Soviet Union also used significant numbers of women pilots to support their air forces. Some Served in a Different Way As with every war, where there are military bases, there were also prostitutes. Honolulus sporting girls were an interesting case. After Pearl Harbor, some houses of prostitution- which were then located near the harbor- served as temporary hospitals, and many of the girls came to wherever they were needed to nurse the injured. Under martial law, 1942-1944, prostitutes enjoyed a fair amount of freedom in the city- more than theyd had before the war under civilian government. Near many military bases, reputed victory girls could be found, willing to engage in sex with military men without charge. Many were younger than 17. Military posters campaigning against venereal disease depicted these victory girls as a threat to the Allied military effort- an example of the old double standard, blaming the girls but not their male partners for the danger.

Characteristics of stratification system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Characteristics of stratification system - Essay Example Fifthly, the inequality distinction has certain levels which may be low in less advanced stratification system, high in systems such as caste and slave societies while a mild level exists in medium stratification societies (UVAWISE para.3). Ascription and achievement are means through which members of the stratification rise through the ranks to acquire a defined position in the society. While certain stratification systems emerge due to attainment, others are acquired by natural belongingness to a specific class of the society. For instance, a notion that slaves are likely to beget slaves may make it difficult to rise up the stratification system. Legitimation is the inherent consent and acceptance of the society that the leaders of the stratification system bear the apparent right to occupy higher statuses. In a power stratification system, for instance, members of the governed community have undoubted consent that those in positions of power, thereby donating legitimacy to their existence. Four social systems emerge from legitimation and they include elites, regimes, political economies and value systems (UVAWISE

How has the American media changed since 1990 What have been the Essay

How has the American media changed since 1990 What have been the political consequences - Essay Example When dealing with media, many people think of television, radio, internet, and mails. Television is the news source most relied on by the American people. The media takes the effort to share information or entertain different people in different language and location (Sterling and Kittross, 2002). Media first begun when the cavemen shouted to send a warning or communicating with people, earshot which was closer to modern methods of media, and technology such as horn, bells, drums, and fire signal. Eventually people started to use more complex methods to communicate to the next generation. The first real change in media came with the introduction of the printing press. For years the technological development of media involved distance, speed, number of copies, and quantity. Every new technology was a balance of these demands (Sterling and Kittross, 2002). The pony express was used to deliver mails faster than any other method. Speed and distance helped in the development of telegraphs. In American, the first practical telegraph was invented by Samuel Finley Breene Morse, also known as an artist. The telegraph became the most effective form of media. With the successful development of the telegraph and telephone in America communication was much easier. At this time electricity was used and with the use of electricity, the radio was introduced. Radio broadcasting thus became the new electrical communication. The telegraph, telephone, and radio were the quickest ways of communication (Sterling and Kittross, 2002). The radio reduced the reliance on wires, and also reduced the production of copies and hand-lettering. However, media development was slow and experienced some challenges such as the freedom of press, regulation of broadcasting and other issues. Freedom of press: Freedom of press can be traced back to the ratification

Ethics And Scandals In Financial Reporting Accounting Essay

Ethics And Scandals In Financial Reporting Accounting Essay Integrity is of utmost importance for a successful career in business and finance in the long run. Some believe that the world of finance lacks ethical considerations. Whereas the truth is that such issues are prevalent in all areas of business. The business environment in much of the world is reeling from the revelation of several financial scandals in the past few years. The optimism of the turn of the century has been replaced by scepticism and distrust. It will be discussed as to how we landed ourselves in this situation, what is being done to correct it, and what the future holds for us. Though Enron has been used as the poster-child for this purpose, breakdowns in accounting and corporate governance in Enron as well as in other companies will be discussed. Some companies that have encountered financial reporting problems will be discussed along with the role of auditors (including Andersens role in Enron), the regulatory environment, some of the causes of the problems, and the current and possible future outcomes. Ethics and Accounting Ethics (maintaining true and fair statements) is a key part of financial reporting. For shareholders to trust a company with money, they must feel confident in the companys financial reporting. Financial reporting presents all data relating to the entitys  current, historical and projected health meaning investors and shareholders rely upon the available financial data for making informed and educated decisions. To help entities comply with business regulations and maintain financial reporting, shareholders can trust the existing organizations designed to watchdog different aspects of the accounting world. Primary among the organizations are the Securities and Exchange Committee (SEC), Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). These three bodies together ensure financial reporting is fair, reliable, and available to all investors. The specific importance of ethics in business and in financial reporting is to inspire and ensure public and investor confidence in companies. Without a strong code of ethics, and adherence to that code, individuals may not be certain their investments are secure. Accounting professionals must have a strong ethical and moral reasoning as their decisions regarding financial reporting can have major consequences for individuals as well as corporations and entire nations. Ethics in the business environment are more than just issues that relate to accounting; because ethical practices can and will cross boundaries from business practice in to what a company may ask its accounting professionals to do in financial record-keeping and recording. The many recent scandals involving accounting fraud generally began at the CEO and made their way down into the financial records. Before the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, various financial abuses such as WorldCom, Enron, and Adelphia Communications plagued the American public and affected economic health of the entire nation adversely. Most of these frauds stemmed from unethical accounting practices instituted at the highest levels of the corporations, but carried out in the financial reporting practices of public accounting firms. In December 2001, Enron, which used to be one of the worlds leading energy companies once, filed the largest bankruptcy in the history of the U.S., using the retirement accounts of thousands of American workers, to enrich those at the highest levels of the corporation. Using thousands of off-the-records partnerships to hide nearly $1 billion in debt and to inflate profits, company had defrauded shareholders of billions. Due to these scandals, President Bush and Congress were forced to take tough stance in the form of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in July of 2002. When ethics seem to be on the downfall in a society, the common man naturally turns to the government for guidance. Various crises in the history of the United States have led to creation of several regulatory bodies and laws. The three entities in the US, mentioned above, work closely together to ensure financial accounting is honest. The SEC, the FASB, and the PCAOB are each an independent entity, but they often work in cooperation in certain areas such as oversight and reporting. While these three bodies work together, they rely on cooperation from member companies and from participation from whistle-blowers in companies and public citizens. As the Enron collapse illustrated, there were systemic failures in the private-sector watchdog-groups. The SEC and the PCAOB must work closely together and include way to fast-track criminal cases. Enron and other financial reporting scandals Enron was a great symbol of widespread problem in corporate America as its rise was as spectacular as its fall. Enron, formed in 1985 when Internorth purchased Houston Natural Gas was soon being run mainly by Houston Natural Gas executives, with Ken Lay as CEO. In 1990, both Jeffrey Skilling and Andy Fastow were hired. In 1996, Skilling became the President and COO. A meteoric rise in both reputation and stock value came by, with Enron being named as one of Fortunes most admired companies in 2001 and its stock price peaking at $90.56 a share as on August 23, 2000. Much of the companys success was credited to the financial wizardry of Fastow. However, companys fall was just around the corner, with Skilling resigning in August of 2001. This was followed by a $1.2 billion write-off, and the beginning of an SEC investigation in October. By December, Enron had declared bankruptcy and the share price was $.26 per share. If Enron had been a lone case, concern would have dissipated quickly and confidence in capital markets would not have plumped. But it was not so. Before Enron, there were companies such as Waste Management and Sunbeam not significant by themselves, but they should have acted as a warning of what was to come. After Enron the disclosures kept coming. WorldCom was caught capitalizing expenses. While Enron was trying to outsmart the accounting and capital market regulators, WorldCom made accounting errors that even novice accounting students would know were inappropriate. A disturbing aspect of many of these scandals is the collusion among many executives. An important observation is that all of these scandals cant be attributed to one factor alone. Each one was different. Hence it can be concluded that the solution is not easy to find. There is no single accounting practice that made these entities vulnerable to executive excesses. What these scandals had in common was a culture that was pervasive in corporations. A culture had come in that made it permissible to lie to shareholders and the markets. The ends justify the means became the corporate mantra. Also, the watchdogs, the auditors had turned a blind eye with their focus just on their consulting businesses. They were not as vigilant as they should have been in audits. The auditors role in ensuring fair play Auditors are supposed to protect the public from the types of abuses that have been seen in the past. Even though financial statements are responsibility of management, the shareholders hire auditors for the protection of their interests and to add credibility to financial information provided by the firms. To be credible, auditors need both expertise and integrity. Expertise assures if there is a financial reporting irregularity, the auditor has the capacity to discover it. Integrity assures that auditors will disclose any irregularity they may find. These two qualities are essential. They are also multiplicative that is if either is missing, other has no value. It has been found that both were missing in many cases. Expertise was missing as audits had come under cost cutting measures of firms. This happened often at the cost of quality. Integrity was gone when auditors forgot that the first allegiance of a professional is to the public. Seldom did auditors betray management for the benefit of the public. Hence, even if they did discover reporting problems, rather than reporting them to the public they often helped management devise ways around the reporting problems. Auditors fell into this position (probably not because they were incompetent or unethical but) because of the cultures in major accounting firms. Andersen, Enrons auditor, is a classic example. There were good auditors who got caught up in an economic struggle leading to undue focus on revenue generation. An audit firm having the highest reputation for competence and integrity compromised on its values as that was the only way its partners thought to be economically competitive. In the more recent Satyam case in India, the fraud started at the top level management and reached the financial records. The role of Pricewaterhouse, Satyams auditor, is also controversial in the said scandal. Causes of financial reporting problems The regulatory environment had not changed suddenly then why did the financial reporting problems surface at the time, is a question to be pondered upon. There are many reasons, not one that dominates. It was a confluence of circumstances that opened eyes to the problems. The bursting of the bubble economy was a major reason these financial abuses came to light. When everything was seemed bright, nobody questioned companies financial reports. In accounting the lack of relevance of historical cost accounting and even the basic traditional accounting framework were being discussed. The new economy was not to last forever. And when it did not last, investors began to ask tough questions. For many of the questions, there were no answers only denials and cover-ups. In the auditing profession, audits had become loss leaders. The balance sheets and income statements had lost value, so auditing of the statements was not important. Thus, many audits became hasty and more of a formality. No one was willing to pay for quality audits, so many audit firms believed there remained no sense in competing on the basis of quality. Cost drove audit decisions. Lower cost even with lower quality was the norm. The passivity of corporate boards was also a contributor. This was worsened by the growing number of complex financial transactions, most of which were beyond understanding of board members, who had gained their experience before such instruments came into being. Even a former accounting professor heading Enrons Audit Committee, a person of utmost integrity, had difficulty understanding the implications of the companys financial manoeuvring. Finally, the biggest culprit is the corporate culture. Focus was laid on short-term gains forgetting about all long-run considerations. Also the executive scorecard became focused on salary. Many players had become greedy executives, investors, and attorney, among others but more than that was the need to compete on the basis of compensation. Implications for accounting educators The perpetrators of most of financial reporting scandals are former students, graduates of accounting or MBA programs. So educators must ask themselves: What are they doing wrong and what must they do to fix the problems? The first obvious reaction is to emphasize ethics in business and accounting curricula. This is important. Educators in a business ethics class can not dissuade someone who is inclined to commit a fraud from doing so. But it is also true that most perpetrators did not at the onset set out to commit a fraud. They simply got ended up on a slippery zone. Also, the most disappointing aspect about most of the scandals is the number of people who, (though not personally involved) knew what was happening and still did nothing. Exceptions to the rule are some courageous whistle blowers, many of whom were products of university accounting programs. Thus, the focus of ethics classes should be to recognize and analyse the situations that can lead to compromise on ones ideals and values, and to promote the reporting of inappropriate behaviour. This can be best done in context because ethics issues come up in context, with you imagining yourself in the real situation. It is easy to go into an ethics class and give the answer that the instructor wants. It is an altogether different thing to put ones self in a case situation with conflicting pressures, and determine the appropriate action when ethics is only one of the many factors impacting your decision. Conclusion The accounting profession is in the middle of a challenging time. A reputation gained over years and decades can be lost in a day. Accountants were thought of as persons of high integrity working at an uninteresting job. In the current scenario the job has gotten more interesting, but at the cost of their reputation for integrity. It is essential to win back the trust of the public and maintain their belief in the importance of accounting. The road to restoring integrity of accountants today is a long one. The job will neither be quick nor easy, with the new series of financial reporting scandals that have come up.

International Coffee Market Essay

Due to the international coffee bean price significantly fluctuate from 1996 to 2009, the global coffee also has same change between this year. This paper will look at changes on global coffee market based on five parts. First of all, describing several reasons cause variation of global coffee market. The second part will illustrate market structure of international coffee industry. Then, based on coffee market structure, explaining which strategy they are using and reason of coffee companies choosing these strategies. Furthermore, indicating the cost and benefit of strategy used by coffee companies. Finally, this paper would focus on the relationship between macroeconomic changing and coffee industry. Since global economic dramatically growing, there are three events effect coffee bean price in terms of new planting supplies, increasingly less coffee famers planting coffee beans and establishing new coffee market. Due to outstanding coffee beans productive capacity in Vietnam and Brazil, there are 113 million bags for supply and 106 million bags for demand, it is 40 million bags bean as a gap between demand and supply in 2002(John, 2010:37). As a support, John (2010:36) stated that when a or more than one crucial of supply change (except price events), the whole supple curve will shift. It is indicated by figure 1 in the appendix which shows S1 shift to S2, contributed by new significant supply (Vietnam and Brazil). As a result, whole coffee bean market get a new equilibrium point at e2 which has lower price in Pe2 and higher quantity in Qe2, comparing with e1. However, John (2010:36) also clam that most of coffee market workforce worked in poor financial circumstances that living as debt, and others abandon their land and property in farmland to migrated into city. Otherwise, lots of farmers in order to chasing higher profits by quit coffee industry, especially, Vietnamese famers instead growing coffee bean to illegal substances—coca. It is obviously decrease capacity of coffee bean production. Finally, some research reported that the annual GDP growth rate of China was approximately in 8%, which means Chinese disposable incomes increase steady from 1980. Consequently, with improvement of life style in China, the demand curve of international coffee production is shift (from D1 to D2). In that case, new equilibrium point move from e2 to e3 (figure 2). It is clear that price of global coffee bean price would be influenced by establish new market which mean other alternative factor of demand except price would shift demand curve, and equilibrium point would move into new position(John, 2010:36). The international coffee market is leaded by several roaster coffee firms which are classified as oligopoly Over half of international coffee productions are dominated by 4 firms: Kraft, Nestle, Procter and Gamble (John 2010:37), this market structure is named as oligopoly which include two main features. One of the main feature is, in oligopoly the dominated firms establish various barriers for preventing new firms entrance. In this case, new coffee roaster firms are tough to participate in this industry, because most percentage of coffee productions processing, which include processing line and coffee manufacturing technology, and coffee bean import or export market are under dominated firm control. However another feature is each of firms in oligopoly structure is compete with their rivals in changing price, adverting strategy and target market. This is supported by John(2010:136) who argued that anticipating rivals reaction is very essential and crucial for oligopolist adjusting their action. In the oligopoly coffee roaster firms, it is lack of competitor in this industry. Thus, these multinationals could influence merchandise of coffee in supermarket or retail coffee shop. In this case, these firms are easy making price of each coffee production, even price of global coffee bean is fluctuated during these decades. This is followed by an explanation, John (2010:37) argued when a consumer purchased a $3 regular cup of coffee, it is only include 25 cents cost of coffee bean. Most of consumer’s payments of coffee contained wages of staff, overheads and advertising expenses plus enormous profit earned by coffee roaster companies. In economic theory, firms could maximise profit when marginal cost (MC) equal to marginal revenue (MR). As result of price leader firms control the market average price, these firms could sell goods in a higher price but same quantity, in that case, oligopoly firm could earn more profit. However, in a non-collusive oligopoly situation which means evens few firms dominated the coffee market, each of rivals changing merchandise price and market strategy could significant influence other firms decision. This firm’s choice of strategy is known as game theory which is described by table 1 (John 2010:141). In today international coffee market, these coffee roaster multinational always alter their price or marketing strategy to attracting more consumers prefer to their brand or products. Otherwise, optimal strategy could beat other main competitors in international coffee market. This is followed by an example, Bhaskar (2009) indicated that Starbucks implemented a well-integrated marketing program that would utilize a marketing mix 4P (product, price, place, and promotion) that would satisfy the needs and wants of its target market. Especially, Paul (2009) reported that Starbuck recently offer $1 per bottomless in 8 oz, with unlimited refills to emphasizing Starbucks’ products with less price cost but higher value in normal business and social performance. Utilisation of these aggressive strategies Starbucks attract increasingly customers from other rivals and earn massive profit to becoming a multinational in global coffee market. Whereas, as game theory shows that both Starbucks and other competitor could not maximise profit for each parts. Furthermore, this competition between these firms could increase average cost in entire coffee market, as a result, profit of whole coffee industry would drop in a long term. In macroeconomic, the international coffee market contributed into two parts: unemployment and income. Householders willing to purchase more quantities than before due to disposable income increasing, when entire economic growth steady. Consequently, huge profit of coffee market is created by increasingly customer consumption. After that ratio of employment is growth, because coffee companies improve product capacity to content vast householders demand of consuming coffee in daily life. However, the rate of employment and disposable income of householders would decline, when the recession is coming. It is clear that relationship of householders and coffee industry could describe as a circular flow, each of these two parties influence to both sides in a significant effect in macroeconomic environment. To sum up, this essay has analyse a brief overview of alternative in nternational coffee market in five fields: firstly, the several direct reason of global coffee market. Secondly, it argued coffee market as a type of non- collusion oligopoly which using aggressive price and marketing strategy in coffee market. Furthermore, this paper also illustrates benefit and cost due to this strategy is used by dominated firm. Finally, the effect of macroeconomic in coffee industry is like a circular flow, which means coffee industry and householders could influence and relate to each other.

Lying, By Jeremy Bentham - 1613 Words

I am going to argue why lying is immoral no matter who you might be lying to, friends, family, and even someone you do not know. This is immoral because even though lying to someone may bring relief or happiness it’s still hiding the truth from that person. Hiding something they deserve to know even though it may hurt them may also be a form of lying. There are many situations where lying may end friendships, relationships, or even tare families apart because most people want to know the truth no matter how harsh, because eventually the truth may come out. In addition to hiding information, there are also other forms of lying. Telling someone false information as well as withholding information are forms of lying. The worst part about telling a lie is that the more you do it the more comfortable one may become. Lying becomes a habit to many people, a habit they have a hard time breaking. Lying can simply be defined in one word, deception. Jeremy Bentham who is a British philo sopher in the 1700’s and early 1800’s believed in the principle of utility otherwise known as utilitarianism. Jeremy Bentham thinks it’s permissible to tell a small lie because in the long run Bentham is looking for the ultimate amount of happiness. Bentham believes in the greatest happiness for the greatest number. As long as an act brings more happiness than disappointment then that act is moral. One situation may be three friends found out something that their other friend does not know but canShow MoreRelatedThe And Critique Of The Theory Of Utilitarianism1706 Words   |  7 Pagesthis paper I am going to argue that telling a small lie that would cause no great harm to a friend in order to spare their feelings is an acceptable thing to do. I am going to examine this issue through the perspective of important philosophers Jeremy Bentham(Utilitarian), then through Immanuel Kant(Deontology). After talking about this issue through both of their perspectives, I will argue which person has a more defensible belief. Then I will talk about and critique Kant’s belief to tell the truthRead MoreEssay about Utilitarianism: The Greatest Happiness Principle528 Words   |  3 PagesUtilitarianism was first brought up along the nourishing of â€Å"The Greatest Happiness Principle† introduced by Jeremy Bentham and further developed by John Stuart Mill, who was a follower of Bentham (Sweet, 2013). Based upon its principle, Utilitarianism states that to be good is to generate the greatest possible amount of happiness for the greatest number. In contrast with rational egoism, Utilitarianism focuses more on maximizing the overall net happiness of the majority. When facing a decision toRead MoreDuty Ethics Vs. Utilitarianism1441 Words   |  6 Pages Duty Ethics vs. Utilitarianism The two ethical theories I will discuss are from the works of Jeremy Bentham (utilitarianism), and Immanuel Kant (duty-ethics). These philosophers outlined two different theories of moralphilosophy. Bentham utilitarian theory focus on the moral rightness. His belief is that everyoneshould perform that act which will bring about the greatest amount of good over bad for everyone affected in any given situation. Kant’s theory and my personal preference ofRead MorePro Life And Pro Choice1403 Words   |  6 Pagesundeniable. These two conflicting views bring about very different arguments that must be considered when talking about abortion as an ethical issue. Part II. A. Jeremy Bentham is a Utilitarianist, meaning that he believes people should act in a way that promotes the greatest good for the greatest number. Consequentialist, like Bentham, focus on the positive or negative affects produced by an action. Bentham’s theory involves using the Principle of Utility to determine if an action is good or badRead MoreWhat Is The Right Thing?997 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is the right thing to do? This is often a simple yet very challenging question for people to answer. On the topic of lying, is it okay to do it in certain situations and not in others, or should you always tell the truth? There is never one right answer for this question. One of the most common situations presented is this: Imagine you are on a cruise and the captain announces that the ship is sinking and everyone needs to load onto life rafts. The only issue is that there are 11 people andRead MoreUsing Utilitarian Ethicals to Determine Right From Wrong Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pageswhether or not to continue to sell their transistor to the company and risk the negative connotation and ultimately the loss of shareholders in the company, associated with the deaths that occurred (Shanks, 1996). This analysis will explore the use of Jeremy Bentham’s Utilitarian ethics in the decision making process for that company in this vital time. The Utility test and the Common Good Test will then be applied to this situation and through that decision making process and then compared. This willRead MoreUtilitarian s Vs. Deontologists1593 Words   |  7 Pagesto further determine what a right action is (Kant 533). He argues, under the formula of the universal law, that a right action is a maxim that could become a universal law and no contradictions would arise (Kant 533). Kant gives an example for why lying is not a right action. He states that there is a man who needs money even though he knows he will not be able to pay it back, his maxim is â€Å"’I will borrow money and promise to pay it back, though I know that this will never be done’† (Kant 534). KantRead MoreAssiginment 1 Ethical1713 Words   |  7 Pagesmorally right if consequences of the actions lead to happiness’ (Stuart, 2009). These two important theories will be analyzed and discuss in the relevance to Mikes options, for his situation. Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory; by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill who were the first to develop this theory in detail. It is a consequentialist theory because ethical decisions should be made on the expected consequences of the action weather its right or wrong. The good: things that areRead MoreDeontology And Utilitarianism : Values And Society First Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pagesconcepts and decisions to frame our lives, giving structure to what we believe is right and wrong. More often than not, these concepts bring argument to what has already been set in stone by tough, controversial philosophers such as Immanuel Kant and Jeremy Bentham due to the nature of the topics and sensitivity they cause. In this essay, I look to discuss the trolley example in relation to deontology and utilitarianism; what each of these concepts tells us about the best way to behave in the example, andRead MoreWho Is The Right Or Wrong?976 Words   |  4 Pagessake of duty, which is what is considered to be morally correct and just, and the qualification is the motive behind the action, that should not contain self-interest, which is what makes the action moral in itself. On the other hand, we have Jeremy Bentham, a British philosopher and founder of Utilitarianism, asserting, â€Å" Pain and pleasure†¦ for them alone point out what we ought to do, as well as to determine what we shall do†¦ the standard of right and wrong are fastened to their throne, [being]

New Zealanders Should Never Dream Of Being Cruel - 1604 Words

New Zealanders would never dream of being cruel to an animal. After all animals are sentient beings. Therefore they are capable of being aware of sensations and emotions of feeling pain and suffering. In today’s world, factory farming has become popular as they are cheaper ways to produce more output efficiently. The industry strives to maximize output and revenue while minimising cost at the expense of animals. The giant companies that run most of the factory farming have developed caging systems which allow for greater animals to be living in small crammed space for greater profit and output.These animals are deprived of exercise of that their body’s energy contributes more towards producing flesh, milk or egg. Drugs are fed and animals are being genetically altered to be grown fat so they could keep them alive longer. We as humans, eat a lot of eggs. Just over 3 million eggs are consumed by New Zealanders and the vast majority of these eggs are produced from factor y farmed eggs (Hibbard, 2014). The factory farmed hens are placed in small battery hen cages allowing space similar to an A4 size sheet. These animals have their beaks trimmed to minimise feather pecking and cannibalism in this overcrowded conditions. De -beaking is an extremely painful process, which is carried out with a guillotine type machine or chopped off with a hot knife machine that burns it off. Due to this factory farmed animals are not able to display normal natural behaviours including moving